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Related Concept Videos

Design of Columns under a Centric Load01:17

Design of Columns under a Centric Load

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The design of columns under centric load is a fundamental aspect of structural engineering and is critical for ensuring the stability and integrity of structures. Euler's and Secant's formulas are central to understanding and calculating the critical load and deformation behaviors of columns, providing a basis for safe and effective structural design.
Euler's formula is applicable under the assumption that the column is a perfect, straight, homogenous prism, and it is operating...
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Euler's Formula for Pin-Ended Columns01:21

Euler's Formula for Pin-Ended Columns

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In structural engineering, the stability of columns under compressive axial loads is a critical consideration, described as buckling. A typical example involves a column PQ, which is pin-connected at both ends and subjected to a centric axial load F applied at one end, with a reaction force of F' = -F at the other end. Here, it is crucial to understand that when an applied load exceeds the critical load, buckling occurs as the system becomes unstable.
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Design of Columns under an Eccentric Load01:21

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Designing columns to withstand eccentric loads is a critical aspect of structural engineering, ensuring structures can support off-center loads without failure. This design process must account for the additional normal stresses introduced by eccentric loading, which can significantly influence a column's stress distribution and overall stability. An eccentric load applied to a column induces normal stresses that can be conceptualized as a combination of stresses due to an equivalent...
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Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load01:23

Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load

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Concrete exhibits specific behaviors under different compressive loads. Understanding this is crucial for understanding its structural integrity. When concrete undergoes uniaxial compression, it tends to develop cracks that run parallel to the direction of the force. These parallel cracks stem from localized tensile stresses that occur perpendicular to the compression direction. Additionally, angled cracks may appear due to the formation of shear planes.
As the concrete specimen fractures under...
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Euler's Formula to Columns with Other End Conditions01:15

Euler's Formula to Columns with Other End Conditions

972
Euler's formula is very important in the field of structural engineering, providing a foundation for understanding the critical loading conditions of pin-ended columns. This formula links the modulus of elasticity, the moment of inertia of the cross-section, and the column's length, offering a precise calculation of the critical load at which a column is prone to buckling.
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Eccentric Loading01:16

Eccentric Loading

884
Eccentric loading is a crucial concept in the study of structural engineering and mechanics, particularly when analyzing the stability and stress distribution in columns. Unlike centric loading, where the force is applied along the centroidal axis, causing uniform compression, eccentric loading occurs when a force is applied off-center. This off-center application introduces not only direct compressive stress but also bending stress, significantly influencing the column's behavior under...
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Structural performance of UHPC-columns reinforced with basalt bars under cyclic loading.

Taha A El-Sayed1, Muhammed S Fekry2, Hossam E Ahmed2

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, Shoubra Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt. taha.ibrahim@feng.bu.edu.eg.

Scientific Reports
|January 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) columns reinforced with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars show enhanced structural performance under cyclic loading. BFRP reinforcement offers superior tensile strength, leading to improved ductility and energy dissipation compared to steel bars.

Keywords:
ABAQUSBFRPCrackingCyclic loadingDeflectionDuctility, Failure modeNonlinear FE analysisUHPC

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Area of Science:

  • Civil Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Structural Engineering

Background:

  • Limited research exists on concrete columns reinforced with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars under cyclic loading.
  • Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) offers advanced mechanical properties.
  • Basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars present an alternative to conventional steel reinforcement due to their high tensile strength and corrosion resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural performance of UHPC columns reinforced with BFRP bars under cyclic lateral loading.
  • To compare the performance of BFRP-reinforced UHPC columns with steel-reinforced columns.
  • To validate experimental findings using advanced three-dimensional finite-element models.

Main Methods:

  • Six UHPC columns with BFRP reinforcement were cast and tested under cyclic lateral loading with a constant axial load.
  • Specimen dimensions: 150x150 mm cross-section, 1500 mm height, supported on a 1000x250 mm footing.
  • Concrete compressive strength ranged from 75 to 100 MPa.
  • Three-dimensional nonlinear finite-element models were developed in ABAQUS for simulation and validation.

Main Results:

  • BFRP-reinforced UHPC columns exhibited superior structural performance compared to steel-reinforced columns.
  • BFRP columns showed a more controlled failure mode (concrete crushing) and enhanced ductility and deformation capacity.
  • BFRP-reinforced columns sustained higher loads with narrower crack widths and demonstrated improved cyclic stability and energy dissipation.
  • Numerical models showed strong correlation with experimental results, achieving ~85% agreement in ultimate load capacity.

Conclusions:

  • BFRP bars significantly enhance the cyclic performance of UHPC columns, outperforming conventional steel reinforcement.
  • The high tensile strength and bond characteristics of BFRP bars contribute to improved structural stability and energy dissipation.
  • Validated finite-element models can accurately predict the behavior of BFRP-reinforced UHPC columns under cyclic loading.