Hepatitis B infection status & vaccine coverage among under five children in Mayurbhanj district, Eastern India
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects 0.8% of children aged 1-5 in Odisha, with 72.6% having protective antibodies. Targeted interventions are needed to improve HBV vaccination coverage in rural communities.
Area Of Science
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
- Pediatrics
Background
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global health concern.
- Rural and tribal populations face challenges in accessing healthcare, increasing vulnerability to HBV.
- Assessing HBV infection and vaccination status in children is crucial for public health strategies.
Purpose Of The Study
- To determine the prevalence of HBV infection among children aged 1-5 years.
- To evaluate the vaccination coverage of the Hepatitis B vaccine in the study population.
- To identify gaps in vaccination series completion and immune protection.
Main Methods
- A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha.
- Blood samples were analyzed for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBs, and anti-HBc.
- Vaccination records were collected, and serological markers assessed infection and immunity.
Main Results
- The combined prevalence of HBV infection (HBsAg or anti-HBc positive) was 0.8%.
- Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination coverage was 90.9%, with high uptake for subsequent pentavalent doses.
- Only 72.6% of children had protective anti-HBs levels, indicating insufficient immunity in 27.4%.
Conclusions
- Despite high vaccination initiation, a significant proportion of children lack protective immunity against HBV.
- There is a need for improved timely administration of the birth dose and completion of the vaccination series.
- Community-based health education and robust tracking systems are essential to enhance HBV vaccination acceptance and coverage in underserved areas.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
Related Concept Videos
Overview
Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material from pathogens to confer immunity against a specific microorganism. Vaccination primes the immune system to recognize and mount an immune response faster and more effectively if the real pathogen is encountered. Vaccinations are one of the most efficient ways to protect both individual humans and the general public from disease. A growing anti-vaccination skepticism risks the successes of vaccination programs that helped reduce...
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
• Class zero: The individual has no known TB exposure and has a negative tuberculin skin test.
• Class one: The individual has been exposed to...