Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

10.7K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
10.7K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

3.8K
3.8K
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

26.7K
RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
26.7K
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

9.0K
9.0K
Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

20.1K
Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
20.1K
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

3.9K
All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

KAS-CUT&Tag for direct mapping of transcription bubbles.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

CoCUT&Tag maps linked chromatin states at single-molecule, single-cell resolution.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

In vivo detection of immune responses via cytokine activity labeling.

Cell·2026
Same author

Cell-cycle-dependent repression of histone gene transcription by histone H4.

Nature structural & molecular biology·2026
Same author

An integrated view of the structure and function of the human 4D nucleome.

Nature·2025
Same author

Nascent CUT&Tag captures transcription factor binding after chromatin duplication.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors
11:42

Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors

Published on: November 4, 2019

6.5K

Sequential RNA polymerase II activation drives human hematopoiesis.

Derek H Janssens1, Christine A Codomo2, Dominik J Otto3

  • 1Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.

Cell Reports
|January 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adult stem cells use paused RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to quickly respond to inflammatory signals. This study reveals a temporal cascade of Pol II activation guiding immune cell development and stress responses.

Keywords:
CP: molecular biologyCP: stem cell researchCUT&TagG-CSF responseRNA polymerase IIhematopoietic stem cellsinflammatory memorylineage commitmentpolycomb repressionsciCUT&Tag2in1single-cell genomicstranscriptional pausing

More Related Videos

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

10.1K
Lentiviral-mediated Knockdown During Ex Vivo Erythropoiesis of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells
14:22

Lentiviral-mediated Knockdown During Ex Vivo Erythropoiesis of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Published on: July 16, 2011

13.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors
11:42

Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors

Published on: November 4, 2019

6.5K
Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

10.1K
Lentiviral-mediated Knockdown During Ex Vivo Erythropoiesis of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells
14:22

Lentiviral-mediated Knockdown During Ex Vivo Erythropoiesis of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Published on: July 16, 2011

13.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is crucial for rapid gene activation.
  • The temporal dynamics of Pol II in adult stem cells for environmental response remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal organization of Pol II dynamics in adult stem cells.
  • To understand how Pol II regulation enables flexible responses to environmental cues, specifically inflammatory stress.

Main Methods:

  • Developed sciCUT&Tag2in1 for simultaneous single-cell profiling of Pol II and histone modifications.
  • Applied the method to over 200,000 CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitors.

Main Results:

  • Identified a Pol II regulatory cascade orchestrating the response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).
  • Observed elevated Pol II occupancy and reduced Polycomb repression in activated HSCs for immune genes.
  • Described sequential modes of Pol II activation during lineage commitment, involving pause-and-release and initiate-and-release genes.

Conclusions:

  • sciCUT&Tag2in1 provides a tool to define the temporal logic of paused Pol II in adult stem cells.
  • Demonstrated how paused Pol II enables flexible lineage decisions during development and in response to inflammation.
  • Highlighted the role of Pol II dynamics in the intersection of development, inflammation, and disease.