Updates in cervical cancer screening: A practical guide for the internist.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Public Health
• Preventive Medicine

Background:

• Cervical cancer is a preventable disease, but screening disparities affect underserved populations.
• Traditional screening methods face challenges in access and adherence.
• Advances include human papillomavirus (HPV)-based testing and self-collection kits.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current U.S. cervical cancer screening guidelines.
• To evaluate the performance of HPV testing and co-testing.
• To explore self-collection's role in improving screening access and adherence.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current U.S. screening guidelines.
• Analysis of performance data for primary HPV testing and co-testing.
• Examination of evidence for cervical and vaginal self-collection methods.

Main Results:

• Primary HPV testing and co-testing show varying performance characteristics.
• Self-collection emerges as a viable strategy to increase screening uptake.
• Patient-centered implementation is key for effective integration.

Conclusions:

• Updated screening modalities, including HPV testing and self-collection, can address screening gaps.
• Primary care internists are crucial in guiding test selection and shared decision-making.
• Integrating new strategies promotes equitable and effective cervical cancer prevention.