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Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

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Phase-multiplied interferometry via cavity dynamics for resolution-enhanced coherent ranging.

Yifan Wang¹, Jinsong Liu¹, Chenxiao Lin¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

Light, Science & Applications

|January 11, 2026

Summary

Researchers developed a new cavity dynamics-enabled Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) system. This approach enhances ranging resolution by over 10 times through phase multiplication, offering improved precision for autonomous systems.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Autonomous Systems Technology
Metrology

Background:

Coherent Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is crucial for autonomous systems, providing high precision and immunity to ambient light.
Current LiDAR systems face limitations in resolution, creating a trade-off between performance and complexity.
Advanced applications in research and manufacturing demand higher resolution than currently achievable.

Purpose of the Study:

To overcome the intrinsic resolution limitations of current LiDAR systems.
To present a novel cavity dynamics-enabled approach for enhancing ranging resolution.
To achieve significant resolution improvement without increasing system complexity.

Main Methods:

Utilizing optical resonators to actively enhance ranging resolution via phase multiplication.
Injecting target-scattered light into an optical resonator to induce periodic laser frequency modulation.
Generating interference harmonics to multiply phase sensitivity.

Main Results:

Observed excitation of up to the 13th-order harmonic, demonstrating effective phase multiplication.
Achieved over 10 times resolution enhancement for ranging without physical modulation extensions.
Demonstrated high-precision ranging with standard deviation in the tens of micrometers due to controlled phase noise.
Improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) through laser feedback sensitivity.

Conclusions:

The developed LiDAR system offers enhanced resolution and precision through cavity dynamics and phase multiplication.
The technology enables low photon consumption, low-cost implementation, and significant SNR improvement.
This advancement promises new capabilities for a wide range of applications requiring high-resolution ranging.