A Versatile Microfluidic Cryogel Microbead Platform for Modular Biofabrication and Tissue Regeneration

Microbead-based modular systems offer significant potential for biofabrication strategies in tissue regeneration. In this study, we present a tunable microfluidic cryogel microbead (MCB) platform that enables injectable, modular assembly of cells and tissue-specific regeneration. The MCBs are designed to incorporate diverse ECM compositions, porosities, and bioceramic components tailored to specific tissue types. They support cell viability and function, and when loaded with endothelial cells, promote vascularization in a hindlimb ischemia model. Incorporation of skin-derived decellularized ECM enhances regeneration in dorsal skin wound models. Additionally, MCBs embedded with bioceramics facilitate osteogenic differentiation and bone formation both in vitro and in a critical-sized cranial bone defect model by providing a stable and osteoconductive microenvironment. These results highlight the broad translational potential of the cryogel microbead platform across multiple tissue types, establishing it as a promising tool for regenerative medicine.