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Related Concept Videos

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Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Chemical-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis Model Using Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene and 12-O-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol-13-Acetate DMBA-TPA
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Microplastics in Early Onset Carcinogenesis.

Anne M Bailey1, Lorne J Hofseth2

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29206, USA.

Carcinogenesis
|January 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) contaminate our environment and tissues. Emerging evidence suggests MPs may contribute to cancer development through inflammation and DNA damage, warranting further investigation.

Keywords:
CancerCarcinogenEarly OnsetMicroplasticsObesogen

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Plastic production has surged, leading to widespread microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) contamination in food, water, air, and human tissues.
  • MPs and NPs act as carriers for toxic additives and adsorbed pollutants, initiating biological processes linked to cancer, such as oxidative stress and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and evaluate the hypothesis that chronic exposure to microplastics and nanoplastics contributes to cancer risk.
  • To integrate human biomonitoring data, experimental findings, and clinical observations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing data.
  • Analysis of human biomonitoring studies, animal experiments, and epidemiological observations.
  • Evaluation of biological mechanisms linking MP/NP exposure to carcinogenesis.

Main Results:

  • MPs and NPs are detected in human tissues and cancers.
  • Experimental studies show MPs can cause tissue accumulation, fibrosis, and genomic instability.
  • A temporal association is suggested between the rise in plastic production and increased early-onset cancers.

Conclusions:

  • While causality is not yet established, biological plausibility for MPs/NPs contributing to cancer risk is growing.
  • Urgent need for mechanistic and epidemiological studies to clarify the role of MPs and NPs in cancer development.
  • Research into causal pathways and preventive strategies is crucial.