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Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...
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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

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The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
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  11. Worldwide Burden Of Urogenital Congenital Anomalies Across Childhood And Adolescence, 1990-2021: Results From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2021.
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Paediatrics
  9. Infant And Child Health
  11. Worldwide Burden Of Urogenital Congenital Anomalies Across Childhood And Adolescence, 1990-2021: Results From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2021.

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Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
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Worldwide Burden of Urogenital Congenital Anomalies Across Childhood and Adolescence, 1990-2021: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Jie Luo1, Xi Luo2,3,4

  • 1Good Clinical Practice Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.

Congenital Anomalies
|January 12, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.
Keywords:
GBD 2021adolescencechildrenglobal burden

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Urogenital congenital anomalies (UCAs) burden in children and adolescents shows increasing prevalence but declining deaths and DALYs globally. Targeted prevention strategies are crucial due to persistent regional disparities.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Global Health Epidemiology
  • Congenital Anomalies Research

Background:

  • Urogenital congenital anomalies (UCAs) represent a significant global health concern in pediatric populations.
  • Comprehensive data on the burden of UCAs in individuals under 24 years old, particularly from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, is limited.
  • Understanding temporal trends in UCAs is essential for effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize the global burden of UCAs in children and adolescents (under 24 years) from 1990 to 2021.
  • To analyze trends in prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with UCAs.
  • To identify age-specific patterns and regional disparities in the UCAs burden.

Main Methods:

urogenital congenital anomalies
  • Utilized the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database for data extraction.
  • Collected data on UCAs prevalence, deaths, and DALYs from 1990 to 2021.
  • Calculated Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) to assess temporal trends and age-standardized rates (ASRs) for global comparisons.

Main Results:

  • In 2021, UCAs resulted in 6,343.41 thousand prevalent cases, 7.50 thousand deaths, and 882.19 thousand DALYs worldwide.
  • Between 1990 and 2021, UCAs prevalence increased by 3.97% (ASR: 89.76/100,000), while global deaths decreased by 23.48% (ASR: 0.12/100,000) and DALYs by 1.40% (ASR: 13.56/100,000).
  • Prevalence is increasing annually in the 0-9 age group, peaking between 5-9 years, with persistent regional disparities in mortality and DALYs.

Conclusions:

  • Despite a global decline in mortality and DALYs, the prevalence of UCAs in children and adolescents is rising, particularly in younger age groups.
  • Significant regional variations in the burden of UCAs necessitate tailored public health strategies.
  • Findings underscore the need for targeted prevention and management initiatives to address the evolving landscape of UCAs.