Suicidality in Individuals With Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

To evaluate the prevalence of suicidality, including suicidal ideation and attempts, in individuals with any type of hearing loss compared to individuals without hearing loss, and to assess risk factors for suicidality in this population.

CINAHL, Cochrane Review, PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO through March 25, 2025.

Two investigators independently performed the search, screened abstracts, and selected publications for data extraction. Studies that assessed hearing loss and at least one suicidality measure in individuals aged 16 years or older were included for fixed and random-effects meta-analyses (proportions, continuous measures, relative risks [RR]). Depression and social isolation were also assessed.

Of 5,015 abstracts identified, 14 studies (N = 221,681) were included. Individuals with hearing loss had higher prevalences of suicidal ideation (13.2% vs 9.3%) and suicide attempts (4.9% vs 2.4%) compared to controls (P < .0001). Hearing loss was associated with significantly increased risks of suicidal ideation (RR = 1.47, 95% CI [1.37-1.57]) and suicide attempts (RR = 1.83, 95% CI [1.31-2.55]). Subgroup analyses revealed that risk of depression was elevated only in individuals with subjective hearing loss, while risk of suicidal ideation was increased in individuals with either subjective or audiometrically measured hearing loss.

This meta-analysis demonstrates a clear association between hearing loss and suicidality, although the strength of this relationship varies depending on how hearing loss is measured. Clinicians should consider both audiometric data and patient-reported concerns when assessing psychiatric risk. These findings support early screening and timely interventions to mitigate mental health consequences.