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Effect of upper limb sensorimotor training and resistance training in the management of patients with type 2
1Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India.
Background:
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major global health concern characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and progressive multisystem involvement. One of its most prevalent complications is diabetic peripheral neuropathy which contributes to impaired neuromuscular function, reduced sensation, diminished motor control and functional disability of the upper limb (UL).
Objectives:
We evaluated the efficacy of sensorimotor training (SMT) and resistance training (RT) on grip strength, manual dexterity and neurophysiological evaluation in patients suffering from T2D. This study might contribute to better management of UL functions in these patients.
Design:
Randomized controlled trial (RCT).
Methods:
96 T2D patients were allocated into RT group; SMT group; and control group. Primary outcomes i.e. grip strength and manual dexterity as well as secondary outcomes i.e. musculocutaneous nerve latency (MCNL), musculocutaneous nerve action potential amplitude (MCNAPA), axillary nerve latency (ANL) and axillary nerve action potential amplitude (ANAPA) were measured at three-time points. Data was analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with post-hoc testing, and a significance level of p < 0.05 was adopted.
Results:
Within-group comparison pointed to a statistically significant improvement for all the variables (grip strength p < 0.05, manual dexterity p < 0.05, MCNL: p < 0.05; MCNAPA: p < 0.05; ANL: p < 0.05; ANAPA: p < 0.05) in both experimental groups. For between-group comparisons, p-value was < 0.05 for grip strength and nerve amplitude in RT group whereas p-value was < 0.05 for manual dexterity and nerve latency in SMT group.
Conclusion:
Both the experimental groups showed improvement in all the outcome variables. RT was more effective in improving grip strength and nerve amplitude whereas in SMT group, there was more improvement in manual dexterity and nerve latency. Further study was needed to generalize these results as it was a single-centered study.
Supplementary Information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01839-7.
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