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Drag is a resistive force opposing an object’s motion through a fluid, resulting from surface pressure and shear forces. It comprises two components: a perpendicular one from pressure and a tangential one from shear stress. Accurate drag calculations use pressure and wall shear stress distributions, often determined through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) or wind tunnel testing. The drag coefficient, a dimensionless measure, depends on factors like shape, Reynolds number, Mach number,...
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Aerodynamic Drag Reduction in Commercial Vehicle Using CFD-Based Design Optimisation.

Madhav S Prabhu1, Sudheendra Prabhu K1, Amar A Murthy2

  • 1Department of Aeronautical & Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India.

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Summary

Improving truck aerodynamics can significantly reduce fuel consumption. This study optimized a commercial vehicle model, achieving an 18% reduction in aerodynamic drag through design alterations.

Keywords:
AerodynamicsCFDDragFlow control techniquesOptimizationTruck

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Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Automotive Design

Background:

  • Commercial vehicle aerodynamics, particularly for trucks, are complex and often overlooked compared to passenger cars.
  • Trucks experience significant drag due to their bluff body shape, impacting annual fuel consumption.
  • Many trucks lack aerodynamic features like frontal wind deflectors, leading to drag accumulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reduce the drag force on a commercial vehicle through design optimization.
  • To enhance the aerodynamic efficiency of trucks using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
  • To provide insights into drag reduction techniques for commercial vehicles.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was performed to understand existing drag reduction strategies.
  • A scaled-down truck model underwent comprehensive 3D airflow analysis using ANSYS Fluent.
  • Iterative geometrical optimizations were applied to the baseline truck model.

Main Results:

  • Flow analysis was conducted using various turbulence models and validated against literature data.
  • Multiple design optimization models were tested and compared to the baseline.
  • An 18% reduction in aerodynamic drag was achieved through effective design alterations.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents detailed aerodynamic outcomes for the optimized truck model.
  • Findings can assist engineers and researchers in understanding commercial vehicle aerodynamics.
  • The research contributes to improving the aerodynamic efficiency of trucks.