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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
Published on: November 11, 2016
Dual roles of circadian clock proteins in development and adult homeostasis
Matthew Choi1,2, Stacy Liang1,2, Juan R Alvarez-Dominguez1,2
1Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA.
Abstract:
Circadian clocks coordinate physiology with daily cycles. Loss of circadian components disrupts bodily functions, but the phenotypes differ when disruption occurs during development or adulthood. Here, we compare effects of manipulating mammalian clock proteins across life stages, reviewing roles of BMAL1 and REV-ERBα/β in embryogenesis-skeletal formation, metabolic programming, cardiovascular development-and adulthood-tissue integrity, metabolic adaptation, neuroprotection. We further discuss mechanisms for dual involvement, and implications for stage-specific therapies.
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