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Gum-Assisted Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Guar Extract Focusing on Their Bioactivities.

Asma Sepahdar1,2, Matin Kordestani2, Maryam Karkhane3

  • 1Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran, lums.ac.ir.

IET Nanobiotechnology
|January 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eco-friendly magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs), synthesized using guar gum extract, show potential for dental biofilm control. These biogenic MgO NPs inhibit bacterial adherence to teeth with minimal toxicity, offering a safer alternative for oral health.

Keywords:
Enterococcus feacalisMgO NPsantibiofilmdenal carriesguar gum

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Dental Microbiology

Background:

  • Dental caries are often caused by pathogens like *Enterococcus faecalis*.
  • Conventional treatments may exhibit toxicity and side effects.
  • Developing biocompatible and eco-friendly antimicrobial agents is crucial for dental health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize eco-friendly, biogenic magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) using guar gum extract.
  • To evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxicity of these MgO NPs against *Enterococcus faecalis*.
  • To assess the potential of MgO NPs in inhibiting bacterial adherence to human teeth in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of MgO NPs mediated by ethanol-guar gum extract.
  • Characterization using UV-visible, FTIR, SEM-EDS, and XRD.
  • Bioactivity assays including MIC, MBC, well diffusion, antibiofilm, time-kill, cytotoxicity, and bacterial adherence tests.

Main Results:

  • Biogenic MgO NPs with flaky morphology (20-30 nm) and cubic periclase structure were successfully synthesized.
  • MgO NPs demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity against *Enterococcus faecalis* (MIC: 32 µg/mL, MBC: 64 µg/mL).
  • MgO NPs effectively inhibited bacterial adherence to dental surfaces at sub-MIC concentrations with lower cytotoxicity compared to conventional agents.

Conclusions:

  • Guar gum extract-mediated MgO NPs are a promising, biocompatible alternative for dental biofilm control.
  • These biogenic MgO NPs offer advantages in long-term effectiveness and reduced toxicity to oral tissues.
  • The study highlights the potential of MgO NPs as a safe and eco-friendly agent in dental applications.