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Comparative Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Agonists on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Ved Prakash1, Sangeeta Gupta2, Saumya Singh3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences
|January 12, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Both SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists effectively manage blood sugar in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). GLP-1 agonists showed greater improvements in weight loss and cardiovascular markers, while SGLT2 inhibitors had fewer gastrointestinal side effects.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition characterized by hyperglycemia.
  • Effective glycemic control is crucial for preventing long-term diabetic complications.
  • SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists are increasingly utilized therapeutic classes for T2DM management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors versus GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with T2DM.
  • To evaluate the impact of these drug classes on glycemic control (HbA1c), weight, cardiovascular markers, and adverse events.

Main Methods:

  • A 24-week randomized trial involving 120 participants with T2DM.
  • Participants received either SGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, etc.) or GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, sitagliptin, etc.).
  • Primary endpoint was HbA1c reduction; secondary endpoints included changes in weight, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and incidence of adverse events.

Main Results:

  • Both drug classes significantly reduced HbA1c levels, with a slightly greater reduction observed with GLP-1 receptor agonists.
  • GLP-1 receptor agonist group experienced more significant weight loss, improved systolic blood pressure, and lower LDL cholesterol.
  • SGLT2 inhibitor group reported fewer gastrointestinal issues, whereas the GLP-1 receptor agonist group had higher rates of nausea and vomiting.

Conclusions:

  • Both SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists are effective in stabilizing blood sugar levels in T2DM.
  • GLP-1 receptor agonists offer additional benefits for weight management and cardiovascular health, making them a strong option for patients with these comorbidities.
  • Treatment decisions should be individualized, considering patient-specific needs, potential benefits, and risks of adverse events.
Keywords:
GLP-1 receptor agonistsSGLT2 inhibitorsglycemic controltype 2 diabetesweight loss

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