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MOTUM: A system for Motion Online Tracking Under MRI.

Federica Bencivenga1,2, Michelangelo Tani1,3,4, Krishnendu Vyas1,3,4

  • 1Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.

Imaging Neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
|January 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

We developed MOTUM, a novel system for real-time motion tracking during fMRI, enabling natural movements and high-quality brain imaging. This technology links detailed movement data to neural activity, advancing neuroscience research.

Keywords:
fMRIkinematicsmotion trackingmotor controlnaturalistic behaviorssensorimotor integration

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Motor Control
  • Virtual Reality

Background:

  • Implementing realistic body-environment interactions in fMRI is challenging due to expensive, unreproducible, and task-specific setups.
  • Existing methods limit naturalistic movements, hindering ecological validity in neuroimaging studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce MOTUM (Motion Online Tracking Under MRI), a novel system integrating real-time kinematic tracking and virtual reality for fMRI.
  • Enable participants to perform naturalistic movements within the MRI scanner while maintaining high data quality.
  • Investigate the link between movement dynamics and neural activity during sensorimotor tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Developed MOTUM, combining real-time kinematic tracking with immersive virtual reality for MRI environments.
  • Tested MOTUM during a reach-to-grasp task with and without visual feedback (N=7).
  • Analyzed fMRI data quality, motion artifacts, and extracted kinematic measures linked to brain activity.

Main Results:

  • MOTUM achieved high-fidelity motion tracking and an immersive experience.
  • fMRI data quality remained high, with motion artifacts below critical limits (99% of volumes).
  • Natural variations in movement dynamics significantly modulated neural responses in parietal, frontal, and occipital regions.

Conclusions:

  • MOTUM is a robust system for studying motor control and enabling naturalistic movements in fMRI.
  • The system bridges ecological realism and experimental control, advancing neuroimaging toward real-life neuroscience.
  • MOTUM facilitates trial-by-trial analysis linking kinematic measures to brain activity.