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Understanding the intricate interactions between microbiota and host
Aiysha Siddiq Khan1, Mohan Kamthan1, Asghar Ali2
1Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, Delhi, India.
World Journal of Experimental Medicine
|January 12, 2026
Summary
The human microbiota, encompassing microbes across the body, is vital for immune and metabolic health. Imbalances (dysbiosis) can lead to disease, but therapies like probiotics offer potential treatments.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Metabolic Science
Background:
- The human body hosts complex microbial communities (microbiota) essential for physiological functions.
- These microbes significantly influence immune system regulation and host metabolism.
- Microbiota imbalances, termed dysbiosis, are linked to increased disease susceptibility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted roles of the microbiota in host health.
- To explore microbiota-host interactions, including molecular mechanisms and dysbiosis.
- To examine the gut-brain axis and emerging microbiota-based therapies.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of microbiota research.
- Analysis of studies on microbial communities in various body sites.
- Evaluation of molecular mechanisms governing host-microbe interactions.
Main Results:
- Microbiota critically regulates immunity and metabolism, extending beyond the gut.
- Dysbiosis is associated with various diseases.
- The gut-brain axis demonstrates microbiota's influence on neurological and psychological conditions.
Conclusions:
- The microbiota is integral to human health, impacting diverse physiological systems.
- Understanding microbiota-host dynamics offers therapeutic avenues, including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation.
- Personalized approaches are crucial for effective microbiota-based interventions.
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