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Heterogeneity in Asian Americans' mortality trends, 2000-2022.

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Asian Americans, particularly college-educated individuals, show less favorable mortality trends compared to Whites, with worsening years of life lost (YLL) driven by diseases like cancer and diabetes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Sociology of Health

Background:

  • Asian Americans are the fastest-growing U.S. demographic group.
  • Recent mortality trends among Asian Americans require further investigation.
  • Existing research has not fully captured disparities in years of life lost (YLL) across diverse Asian ethnic groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive analysis of YLL from age 25 to 84.
  • To compare YLL trends among six major Asian ethnic groups against non-Hispanic Whites.
  • To identify factors contributing to differential mortality trends.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CDC Multiple Cause of Death database (2000-2022).
  • Incorporated American Community Survey data for socioeconomic context.
  • Employed cause of death decomposition analysis.

Main Results:

  • College-educated Asian ethnic groups experienced smaller YLL decreases or increases versus Whites (2000-2022).
  • Disparities predate COVID-19; Filipinos and Indians were disproportionately affected.
  • Slower mortality improvements in circulatory diseases, cancer, and diabetes drove 75% of the divergence.

Conclusions:

  • Asian Americans, especially college-educated, face less favorable mortality trends than Whites.
  • Diminishing health returns from higher education observed for Asians over time.
  • Differential trends are influenced by socioeconomic factors, labor markets, racialization, and nutrition transition.