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Conformations of Cycloalkanes02:29

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Adolf von Baeyer attempted to explain the instabilities of small and large cycloalkane rings using the concept of angle strain — the strain caused by the deviation of bond angles from the ideal 109.5° tetrahedral value for sp3  hybridized carbons. However, while cyclopropane and cyclobutane are strained, as expected from their highly compressed bond angles, cyclopentane is more strained than predicted, and cyclohexane is virtually strain-free. Hence, Baeyer’s theory that...
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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
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At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
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In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Conformations of semiflexible ring polymers.

Sumit Kumar1, Parbati Biswas1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. pbiswas@chemistry.du.ac.in.

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Semiflexible ring polymers are maximally expanded, unlike compact Rouse rings. Their conformational properties, including size and shape, differ significantly, offering insights into polymer physics.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Physics
  • Theoretical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding polymer conformations is crucial for predicting material properties.
  • Semiflexibility introduces unique topological constraints affecting polymer behavior.
  • Rouse-Zimm theory provides a framework for analyzing polymer dynamics and structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the conformational properties of semiflexible ring polymers.
  • To compare these properties with Rouse rings and rings exhibiting excluded volume interactions.
  • To elucidate the impact of semiflexibility on polymer structure and topology.

Main Methods:

  • Application of optimized Rouse-Zimm theory.
  • Imposition of topological constraints to model semiflexibility.
  • Characterization of structural features like radius of gyration, structure factor, and fractal dimensions.

Main Results:

  • Semiflexible rings are maximally expanded, while Rouse rings are compact.
  • Both exhibit distinct Kratky peaks, suggesting compact ring topologies.
  • Semiflexible rings display a wider range of conformations and size-dependent shape factors.

Conclusions:

  • Semiflexibility significantly alters ring polymer conformations compared to Rouse or excluded volume models.
  • The study provides a theoretical framework for understanding complex polymer structures.
  • Findings contribute to the broader field of polymer physics and materials science.