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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Assessing Mandibular Condylar and Coronoid Pathologies: A Computed Tomography-Based Normalization Approach.

Jannik Geier1, Nikolai Spuck2, Franz-Josef Kramer1

  • 1Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|January 12, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a CT-based method to normalize mandibular condylar (CoP) and coronoid (CrP) process lengths. This protocol effectively distinguishes between normal variations and specific mandibular pathologies like hyperplasia and resorption.

Keywords:
Coronoid processmandibular condylemandibular hyperplasiamandibular morphometrymandibular resorption

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A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle
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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Radiology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Mandibular process morphology exhibits significant interindividual variability.
  • Distinguishing physiologic variation from pathologic changes in mandibular processes can be challenging with standard imaging.
  • Quantitative assessment of mandibular anatomy aids in diagnosis and treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a computed tomography (CT)-based normalization protocol for mandibular condylar (CoP) and coronoid (CrP) processes.
  • To assess if normalized ratios can differentiate specific mandibular pathologies from normal variation.
  • To establish reference values for normalized CoP and CrP lengths.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of CT scans from 251 healthy individuals (502 hemi-mandibles) to establish reference values.
  • Definition of Posterior Mandibular Height (PMH) as a reference landmark.
  • Measurement of CoP and CrP lengths normalized to PMH (CoP/PMH, CrP/PMH ratios).
  • Evaluation of normalized ratios in patient groups with coronoid hyperplasia, condylar hyperplasia, and condylar resorption.
  • Statistical analysis using linear mixed-effects models to examine associations between pathology and normalized ratios.

Main Results:

  • Normalized CoP/PMH and CrP/PMH ratios demonstrated narrow prediction intervals and defined reference values in the control group.
  • Coronoid hyperplasia showed a significantly increased CrP/PMH ratio.
  • Condylar hyperplasia was associated with an increased CoP/PMH ratio.
  • Condylar resorption was linked to a decreased CoP/PMH ratio.
  • Distinct, pathology-specific patterns were observed in the normalized ratios.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CT-based normalization protocol effectively reduces interindividual variability in measuring mandibular processes.
  • The protocol successfully differentiates physiologic variation from pathologic changes (hyperplasia, resorption) on routine CT scans.
  • This quantitative method is applicable to both CT and cone-beam CT (CBCT), potentially aiding early diagnosis and monitoring of mandibular alterations.