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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing

Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing

Published on: February 3, 2021

Ion-Defect Dual Management for Achieving Efficient Air-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells With Certified Efficiency

Hanpei Lu¹, Xinmeng Zhuang², Jike Ding¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Smart Power Distribution Equipment and System, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|January 12, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel molecular strategy using N-Acetylsulfanilyl Chloride (ABSC) enhances perovskite solar cell (PSC) stability and efficiency. This approach stabilizes the soft ionic lattice, enabling durable and high-performance perovskite photovoltaics.

Keywords:

air‐processed ion‐defect dual management perovskite solar cells

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Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Published on: February 27, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Renewable Energy

Background:

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) face challenges in achieving high efficiency and durability due to halide redox chemistry and lead-related defects, especially under ambient fabrication conditions.
Instabilities in the soft ionic lattice of perovskites hinder their practical application and long-term operational stability.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a molecular "ion-defect dual-management" strategy using N-Acetylsulfanilyl Chloride (ABSC) for enhanced PSC performance.
To simultaneously regulate iodide redox species and passivate electronic defects in perovskite films during ambient fabrication.

Main Methods:

Utilized N-Acetylsulfanilyl Chloride (ABSC) to manage ion-defect dual properties in perovskite precursor solutions and films.
Investigated the in situ formation of I₃^- and coordination with undercoordinated Pb²⁺ by ABSC.
Fabricated air-processed inverted PSCs and assessed their efficiency and long-term operational stability.

Main Results:

Achieved a certified steady-state efficiency of 27.10% for air-processed inverted PSCs.
Demonstrated long-term operational stability, retaining over 98% performance after 1000 hours of maximum power point tracking.
Successfully enabled scalable fabrication of large-area flexible and bifacial modules exceeding 16% efficiency using vacuum flash-evaporation.

Conclusions:

The ABSC strategy effectively stabilizes the soft ionic lattice of perovskites, addressing key instability issues.
This approach provides a mechanistically grounded and industrially relevant route for high-performance perovskite photovoltaics.
The findings advance the practical deployment of durable and efficient perovskite solar cells.