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Comparison of 24-Hour Urine Sodium Excretion in Controlled and Uncontrolled Essential Hypertensive Patients on

Saride Naveen Kumar1, Rajamani Shanmugasundaram1, Pravin Selvam2

  • 1Department of General Medicine, Vinayaka Mission's Kirupananda Variyar Medical College & Hospitals, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (DU), Selam, Tamilnadu, India.

La Clinica Terapeutica
|January 12, 2026
PubMed

Insights

High sodium intake contributes to uncontrolled hypertension. This study found higher 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in patients with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP), highlighting sodium reduction

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Clinical Nutrition

Background:

  • Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • Many patients struggle with blood pressure (BP) control despite medication.
  • Dietary sodium intake is a key modifiable factor in hypertension management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in hypertensive patients with controlled versus uncontrolled BP.
  • To evaluate 24-hour urinary sodium as a biomarker for sodium intake.
  • To assess the association between sodium excretion and BP treatment response.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 100 hypertensive patients (aged 45-65) categorized into controlled (n=50) and uncontrolled (n=50) BP groups.
  • Analysis of demographic data, clinical history, and 24-hour urine collections.
  • Measurement of urinary sodium, potassium, and albumin levels; statistical analysis using independent t-tests and Chi-square tests.

Main Results:

  • Mean 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was significantly higher in the uncontrolled BP group (174.5 ± 32.1 mmol/day) compared to the controlled group (142.7 ± 28.3 mmol/day; p < 0.001).
  • No significant differences were observed in urinary potassium levels (p = 0.42) or microalbuminuria prevalence (p = 0.31) between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion is significantly linked to poor blood pressure control in hypertensive patients.
  • Dietary sodium reduction is crucial, even for patients on antihypertensive therapy.
  • 24-hour urine sodium measurement is a valuable biomarker for clinical hypertension management.
Abstract

Keywords:
antihypertensive treatmentbiomarkerblood pressure controlhypertensionsodium intakeurinary sodium

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