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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Ning Hua1, Olga Minaeva1,2, Douglas Parsons1

  • 1Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|January 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accelerates Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression by damaging hippocampal subregions. Advanced diffusion-MRI shows potential for early diagnosis in at-risk patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a known risk factor for earlier onset and accelerated progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Understanding the mechanisms by which TBI exacerbates AD is crucial due to the significant social and economic impact of AD.
  • This study investigates how neurotrauma accelerates hippocampal degeneration in a transgenic AD mouse model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the impact of neurotrauma on hippocampal degeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
  • To utilize high-resolution ex vivo diffusion-MRI to analyze the effects of TBI on AD progression.

Main Methods:

  • 3xTg-AD mice underwent closed-head impact injury (TBI) or served as controls.
  • Brains were harvested 6 months post-TBI and analyzed using high-resolution 9.4T diffusion-MRI and T1-weighted imaging.
  • Diffusion MRI data were processed using DSI Studio and the NODDI toolbox.

Main Results:

  • TBI led to decreased quantitative anisotropy (QA) and increased orientation dispersion index (ODI) in the CA1 and CA3 radiatum.
  • The stratum pyramidale showed reduced QA and axial diffusivity (AxD) on the ipsilateral side.
  • Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were significantly lower in the ipsilateral hippocampus (CA3) compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • The hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subregions are particularly vulnerable to neurotrauma.
  • These findings may elucidate mechanisms of trauma-accelerated AD.
  • Advanced diffusion-MRI shows promise for early diagnosis of TBI patients at risk for AD.