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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C
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Inapparent maternal ZIKV infection impacts fetal brain development and postnatal behavior.

Tsui-Wen Chou1, Micheal McCourt1, Eduard Marmut1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America.

Plos Pathogens
|January 12, 2026
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Summary

Even mild maternal Zika virus (ZIKV) infections can cause subtle, long-term neurological changes in offspring. This study reveals molecular and behavioral alterations in mice, highlighting the need for monitoring children exposed in utero.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Virology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Zika virus (ZIKV) is linked to severe infant neurological issues like microcephaly and congenital Zika syndrome (CZS).
  • The long-term neurological effects of mild or inapparent maternal ZIKV infections are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of mid-gestation maternal ZIKV infection on fetal neurodevelopment using a human STAT2 knock-in mouse model.
  • To identify molecular and behavioral changes in offspring following asymptomatic maternal ZIKV exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Maternal ZIKV infection in hSTAT2 mice during mid-gestation.
  • Transcriptomic analysis of fetal brain tissue.
  • Synaptic density assessment in the hippocampus.
  • Chemically induced seizure susceptibility testing.
  • Unsupervised machine learning analysis of spontaneous behavior using motion sequencing (MoSeq).

Main Results:

  • Maternal ZIKV infection resulted in vertical transmission without overt clinical signs in dams or offspring.
  • Significant alterations in fetal brain gene expression related to synaptic function and neuronal development were observed.
  • Offspring exhibited increased hippocampal synaptic density and heightened seizure susceptibility.
  • Persistent, sex-biased alterations in spontaneous motor behavior were detected in offspring.

Conclusions:

  • Mild maternal ZIKV infections can lead to subtle but significant long-term neurological consequences in offspring.
  • These findings underscore the importance of monitoring children exposed to ZIKV in utero, even without severe birth outcomes.
  • The study provides a valuable model and datasets for further research into inapparent maternal ZIKV infection impacts.