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    A new dual-energy cone beam computed tomography (DE-CBCT) scanner using a multisource carbon nanotube array significantly reduces artifacts and improves image quality. This advanced DE-CBCT offers better material quantification without increased radiation exposure.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • X-ray Technology
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is crucial for maxillofacial imaging.
    • Dual-energy CBCT (DE-CBCT) enhances material differentiation but faces challenges with scatter and artifacts.
    • Existing DE-CBCT systems often require kV switching or energy-sensitive detectors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and evaluate a novel dual-energy multisource CBCT (DE-MS-CBCT) system.
    • To reduce scatter and cone beam artifacts in DE-CBCT imaging.
    • To improve the accuracy of material quantification without increasing radiation dose.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a DE-CBCT scanner utilizing a carbon nanotube (CNT) X-ray source array with multiple focal spots.
    • Employed interlaced low- and high-energy spectral filters and narrow collimation.
    • Acquired dual-energy projection data in a single gantry rotation and processed using a one-step inversion algorithm.
    • Evaluated performance using anthropomorphic head, Defrise, and material-specific phantoms.

    Main Results:

    • The DE-MS-CBCT system effectively eliminated cone beam artifacts.
    • Cupping artifacts were significantly reduced (14.53% to 2.94%), and mean relative error for water density decreased (15.3% to 1.7%).
    • Contrast-noise-ratios (CNR) for calcium and iodine inserts increased by 4.8%-53.4%, with comparable accuracy for material densities.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed DE-MS-CBCT system successfully reduces scatter and cone beam artifacts.
    • Image quality, indicated by CNR, is enhanced, and material quantification accuracy is improved.
    • This novel approach achieves superior performance without increased X-ray exposure, energy-sensitive detectors, or kV switching.