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Effects of low-level LED red-light therapy on axial elongation in hyperopic children: A bidirectional cohort study
Ya Li1, Chuyu Zhou1, Qingyun Ji1
1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China.
Insights
Low-level LED red-light therapy accelerates axial elongation in hyperopic children. This therapy also reduced eye length differences in anisometropic children, potentially aiding balanced vision development.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Optometry
- Biomedical Optics
Background:
- Hyperopia, a common refractive error in children, is associated with axial eye length.
- Axial elongation is a key factor in refractive development and myopia progression.
- Understanding factors influencing axial elongation is crucial for managing pediatric refractive errors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if low-level light-emitting diode (LED) red-light therapy influences axial elongation in children with hyperopia.
- To assess the effect of LED red-light therapy on interocular axial length differences in anisometropic children.
Main Methods:
- A bidirectional cohort study involving 201 hyperopic children (ages 4-13) compared LED red-light therapy to spectacle correction.
- Axial length (AL) was measured longitudinally, with analysis using linear mixed-effects models (LMM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).
- A subgroup of 40 anisometropic children underwent unilateral LED treatment for direct interocular comparison.
Main Results:
- The LED red-light therapy group exhibited significantly faster axial elongation compared to the spectacle-only group (interaction β=+0.082 mm/year, p < 0.001).
- In anisometropic children, treated eyes showed significantly greater elongation than fellow eyes (mean difference = +0.167 mm/year, p < 0.001), reducing disparity.
- LMM analysis confirmed a greater time-dependent increase in axial length in LED-treated eyes (β = +0.151 mm/year, p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
- Low-level LED red-light therapy demonstrably accelerates axial elongation in hyperopic children.
- The therapy effectively reduces interocular axial length differences in anisometropic cases.
- These findings suggest potential for LED red-light therapy in promoting more balanced binocular refractive development.
Purpose:
To investigate whether low-level LED red-light therapy promotes axial elongation in hyperopic children.
Methods:
This bidirectional cohort study included 201 hyperopic children aged 4 -13 years. Participants were divided into two groups: the LED group (n = 51), who received low-level LED red-light therapy, and the spectacle-only comparison group (n = 150). Axial length (AL) was measured at baseline and each follow-up. Longitudinal changes in AL were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model (LMM). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was performed as a sensitivity analysis to minimize potential confounding. In a subgroup of 40 anisometropic children who received unilateral LED treatment, interocular comparisons between treated and fellow eyes were conducted using paired t-tests, and within-subject LMM analyses to assess eye-specific treatment effects.
Results:
The LED group showed a significantly faster rate of axial elongation than the comparison group (interaction β=+0.082 mm/year, 95% CI: 0.042 to 0.122; p < 0.001). In the anisometropic subgroup, treated eyes elongated significantly faster than fellow eyes (mean difference = +0.167 mm/year, 95% CI: 0.109-0.226; p < 0.001), leading to a reduction in interocular axial length disparity. LMM confirmed a greater time-dependent increase in treated eyes (β = +0.151 mm/year, 95% CI: 0.102-0.199; p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
Low-level LED red-light therapy significantly accelerates axial elongation in hyperopic children and reduces interocular differences in anisometropic cases, suggesting that it may promote more balanced binocular refractive development.
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