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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision

Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision

Published on: April 29, 2014

Statistical errors and reporting deficiencies in clinical prosthodontic publications, 2019-2024.

Ahmed Ben Suleiman¹, Charles F Shuler², Ahmed Hieawy²

¹Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Journal of Prosthodontics : Official Journal of the American College of Prosthodontists

|January 13, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Statistical reporting errors persist in prosthodontic research. Key issues include sample size, assumption testing, and confidence intervals, necessitating improved standards.

Keywords:

assumption testing dental research prosthodontics research methodology statistical errors statistical rigor study design

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Published on: December 20, 2024

Area of Science:

Dental Research
Biostatistics
Evidence-Based Dentistry

Background:

Evidence-based dentistry requires accurate statistical analysis.
Statistical misuse is prevalent, despite increased emphasis on rigor.
Prosthodontic research has not been thoroughly evaluated for statistical accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the appropriateness, application, and reporting of statistical tests in prosthodontic journals.
To identify persistent statistical misapplications and reporting deficiencies in prosthodontic research.
To hypothesize that statistical errors are common in prosthodontic publications.

Main Methods:

Reviewed 119 clinical studies from January 2019 to December 2024 in JOP, IJOP, and JPD.
Assessed studies using a checklist covering test selection, sample size, assumption testing, calibration, and interpretation.
Categorized studies by error severity (no major, minor, major) using a weighted scoring system.

Main Results:

88% of studies used appropriate statistical tests; 45% had no major statistical error.
Significant deficiencies were found in sample size justification (32%), assumption testing (47%), and examiner calibration (40%).
Confidence intervals were absent in 83% of reports; only 8% reported and interpreted them.

Conclusions:

Statistical reporting deficiencies remain prevalent in prosthodontic research.
Key areas needing improvement include sample size justification, assumption testing, and confidence interval reporting.
Recommendations include specialty-specific checklists, enhanced training, and stricter editorial/reviewer standards.