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Relationship Between Endemic and Invasive Frogs on Grenada.

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Competition from invasive frogs threatens the endemic Grenada frog. High elevation sites may serve as refugia, but climate change impacts on these areas are critical for the Grenada frog

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Herpetology

Background:

  • Endangered species face numerous threats, including invasive species, habitat loss, and climate change.
  • The endemic Grenada frog (Pristimantis euphronides) inhabits high-elevation cloud forests, a habitat threatened by invasive species and climate change.
  • The invasive Lesser Antillean frog (Eleutherodactylus johnstonei) is encroaching on the Grenada frog's habitat.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To monitor populations of the endemic Grenada frog and the invasive Lesser Antillean frog.
  • To evaluate the impact of invasive frog abundance on the endemic frog population.
  • To understand the role of habitat and elevation in species interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Field surveys conducted at three key sites in Grenada from 2004 to 2020.
  • Generalized linear models and Spearman's rank analysis used to assess species interactions.
  • Analysis of relative abundance data in relation to site and environmental factors.

Main Results:

  • A negative overall correlation between the relative abundances of the two frog species (ρ = -0.501).
  • A weakly positive correlation when site was included as a covariate, suggesting localized similar responses.
  • Higher abundance of Grenada frogs at high-elevation sites, while invasive frogs dominated lower elevations.

Conclusions:

  • Invasive frog competition may influence the distribution of the endemic Grenada frog.
  • High-elevation sites may function as crucial refugia for the Grenada frog.
  • Climate change impacts on these high-elevation refugia are critical for the long-term survival of the Grenada frog.