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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

956
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
956

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Early Neurodevelopmental Milestones in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Dora Sousa1, Joana C Queirós1, Teresa Tavares1

  • 1Pediatrics, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte Albino Aroso, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, PRT.

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Summary

Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is vital. Delayed milestones in walking, language, and sphincter control in children with ASD are linked to poorer cognitive and adaptive outcomes, highlighting the need for early intervention.

Keywords:
autismdevelopmental delayneurodevelopmentpediatricrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Early diagnosis and intervention are critical for improving outcomes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • Developmental concerns in ASD often emerge within the first year, necessitating early identification of neurodevelopmental markers.
  • Timely referral and assessment are essential for initiating effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize early neurodevelopmental milestones in preschool children diagnosed with ASD.
  • To compare milestone acquisition in children with ASD against normative data using Haizea-Llevant charts.
  • To evaluate the association between delayed milestones and cognitive/adaptive functioning using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised (GMDS-ER).

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective observational study of 127 children with ASD.
  • Analysis of six key developmental milestones: social smile, sitting, walking, first words, first phrases, and daytime sphincter control.
  • Assessment of cognitive and adaptive functioning using the GMDS-ER, including global development quotient (GDQ) and subscale scores.

Main Results:

  • Significant delays were observed in first words (62.6%), first phrases (96.8%), and daytime sphincter control (85.2%).
  • Delayed walking (38.6%) and language milestones were strongly associated with lower cognitive, social, and adaptive functioning.
  • Delayed social smile (20.5%) correlated with poorer personal/social functioning.

Conclusions:

  • Motor milestones in the first year, excluding walking, were generally met on time in children with ASD.
  • Delayed walking, language acquisition, and daytime sphincter control are significant predictors of poorer long-term outcomes.
  • Monitoring early developmental milestones is crucial for early ASD identification and guiding timely, individualized interventions.