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Cherenkov emission-based quality assurance for linear accelerators.

Hiroyuki Okamoto1,2, Fuma Tojo2, Kazuyoshi Kurita2

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|January 13, 2026
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Summary

This study introduces Cherenkov emission (CE) based quality assurance (QA) for linear accelerators. This novel method effectively measures treatment position, gantry angle, and photon energy, offering a reliable radiotherapy QA solution.

Keywords:
Cherenkov emissionIGRT QAmachine QAradiotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiotherapy Technology
  • Radiation Detection

Background:

  • Cherenkov emission (CE) is visible light produced by charged particles exceeding the speed of light in a medium.
  • Quality assurance (QA) is critical for the safe and effective operation of linear accelerators in radiotherapy.
  • Current QA methods can be time-consuming and may require specialized equipment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel Cherenkov emission-based quality assurance (C-QA) test for linear accelerators.
  • To assess the feasibility of using CE for simultaneous measurement of treatment position, gantry angle, and photon energy (TPR20,10).
  • To determine the reliability and accuracy of the C-QA method compared to conventional techniques.

Main Methods:

  • A specialized phantom with CE observation plates was designed for C-QA.
  • Linear accelerators were irradiated using lateral and posterior fields after tumor-based alignment with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
  • A C-Dose camera measured CE counts, and CE profiles were analyzed to determine treatment position and TPR20,10; gantry angle was calculated from field tilt.

Main Results:

  • The C-QA method demonstrated high accuracy for positional accuracy (within ±1 mm) and gantry angle (within 1°).
  • Measured TPR20,10 values closely matched those obtained using an ionization chamber (0.631 ± 0.004 vs. 0.629).
  • CE counts showed higher variation (σ = 2.7%), and dose output assessment remains a challenge.

Conclusions:

  • CE-based QA is a promising, reliable method for radiotherapy, enabling direct measurement of treatment parameters without conventional dosimetric devices.
  • The C-QA system simultaneously evaluates positional accuracy, gantry angle, and photon energy, streamlining the QA process.
  • Further research is needed to refine CE count quantification and assess dose output accuracy.