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Elastic Collisions: Introduction01:00

Elastic Collisions: Introduction

An elastic collision is one that conserves both internal kinetic energy and momentum. Internal kinetic energy is the sum of the kinetic energies of the objects in a system. Truly elastic collisions can only be achieved with subatomic particles, such as electrons striking nuclei. Macroscopic collisions can be very nearly, but not quite, elastic, as some kinetic energy is always converted into other forms of energy such as heat transfer due to friction and sound. An example of a nearly...
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The quantity that describes the deformation of a body under stress is known as strain. Strain is given as a fractional change in either length, volume, or geometry under tensile, volume (also known as bulk), or shear stress, respectively, and is a dimensionless quantity. The strain experienced by a body under tensile or compressive stress is called tensile or compressive strain, respectively. In contrast, the strain experienced under bulk stress and shear stress is known as volume and shear...
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Elasticity is the ability of an object to withstand the effects of distortion and to return to its original size and shape once the forces causing deformation are removed. When an elastic material deforms under the action of an external force, it experiences internal resistance to the deformation. However, if no external force is applied, it returns to its original state.
The elasticity of an object can be described by a stress-strain curve, which represents the relationship between stress...
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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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The dynamic modulus of elasticity assesses how a concrete structure deforms under impact or dynamic loads. It is typically higher than the static modulus of elasticity, measured under slow, steady loading conditions.
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Microscopic elasticity from MD. I. Bulk solid and fluid systems.

Andrew L Lewis1, Benjamin Himberg2, Alejandro Torres-Sánchez3

  • 1Department of Physics, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|January 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The stress-stress fluctuation (SSF) method accurately estimates material elastic properties from single simulations. This computational modeling technique is effective for diverse systems, including fluids and biomaterials.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational materials science
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Chemical physics

Background:

  • Computational modeling, including molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations, estimates material elastic properties via stress-strain relationships.
  • The stress-stress fluctuation (SSF) method computes elastic properties from equilibrium simulations without deformation.
  • Previous applications of SSF were limited to crystalline solids and glasses, with less exploration in fluid and biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the effectiveness of the SSF method for simple van der Waals and molecular materials.
  • To extend the application of SSF to fluid systems and biomaterials.
  • To validate the SSF method by comparing results with established techniques and experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the stress-stress fluctuation (SSF) method for elastic property estimation.
  • Performed equilibrium simulations for argon in solid, liquid, and gas phases.
  • Simulated molecular fluids using the coarse-grained MARTINI force-field, incorporating multi-body interactions.
  • Applied an impulsive correction for truncated potentials.

Main Results:

  • The SSF method accurately predicted elastic coefficients and moduli for argon across different phases, matching explicit deformation and volume fluctuation methods.
  • Calculated elastic coefficients and bulk modulus for solid argon showed excellent agreement with prior computational studies and experimental data.
  • The SSF method accurately captured elastic properties of molecular fluids, including those with multi-body interactions.
  • An essential impulsive correction was identified for accurate fluid simulations and vanishing shear moduli.

Conclusions:

  • The SSF method is broadly applicable across diverse material systems, including simple van der Waals and molecular materials.
  • The SSF method provides a robust and efficient approach for calculating the complete elasticity tensor from single equilibrium simulations.
  • This work establishes a foundation for utilizing the SSF method to characterize the elastic properties of complex molecular systems and biomaterials.