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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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Assessment of microneedle array insertion into skin using Raman spectroscopic techniques.

Rezvan Jamaledin1, Panagiota Zarmpi1,2, Adrián M Alambiaga-Caravaca1

  • 1Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.

Drug Delivery and Translational Research
|January 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study visualized polymeric microneedle (MN) skin penetration using confocal Raman spectroscopy and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. Detectable polymer signals were found for dissolvable and degradable MNs, but not hydrogel MNs.

Keywords:
Microneedle insertionMicroneedlesRaman spectroscopySkinStimulated Raman scattering microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Microneedle (MN) arrays offer a promising route for transdermal drug delivery by bypassing the stratum corneum.
  • Understanding the in-skin disposition of various MN types is crucial for optimizing drug delivery efficacy.
  • Polymeric materials are commonly used in fabricating dissolvable, degradable, and hydrogel-forming MNs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the skin disposition of three distinct polymer-based microneedle (MN) types: dissolvable, degradable, and hydrogel-forming.
  • To visualize and quantify the presence of MN polymers within the skin layers post-insertion.
  • To assess the utility of confocal Raman spectroscopy and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy for analyzing MN-skin interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of dissolvable, degradable, and hydrogel-forming MN arrays using different polymers.
  • In vivo skin treatment with MN arrays followed by ex vivo analysis.
  • Confocal Raman spectroscopy for chemical identification and depth profiling of polymers within the skin.
  • Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy for high-resolution imaging and spatial mapping of MN penetration.

Main Results:

  • Raman signals from polymers were detectable in the skin for both dissolvable and degradable MNs.
  • Polymers constituting hydrogel-forming MNs were not detectable under the experimental conditions.
  • SRS microscopy confirmed uniform penetration of MN arrays into the skin.
  • Confocal Raman spectroscopy provided spectral data at surface and depths up to 150 µm.

Conclusions:

  • Confocal Raman spectroscopy and SRS microscopy are effective techniques for visualizing polymeric microneedle insertion and skin disposition.
  • The detectability of polymer signals varies depending on the MN type and fabrication material.
  • These advanced imaging techniques hold potential for elucidating the spatial and temporal behavior of MN components in the skin.