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Related Concept Videos

Design Consideration01:22

Design Consideration

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Designing a structure involves a series of considerations, primarily the material's ultimate strength, calculated through tests that measure changes under increased force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load, where the material breaks, is divided by its original cross-sectional area, resulting in the ultimate normal stress or strength. The ultimate shearing stress is another significant factor taken into account.
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Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway01:21

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Scaled hydraulic models of dam spillways provide a practical way to replicate and study the intricate flow dynamics of these structures. Often built to a 1:15 ratio, these models allow for observing critical water behavior, such as velocity distribution, flow patterns, and energy dissipation.
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Impression Management Techniques III: Aligning Actions01:29

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Aligning actions are communicative strategies individuals employ to maintain social harmony and preserve personal identity in the face of potential disruptions to social norms. These actions are particularly important in managing social impressions when one's behavior might be seen as inappropriate, incompetent, or morally questionable.Types of Aligning ActionsThe three principal types of aligning actions are disclaimers, accounts, and apologies.DisclaimersDisclaimers are preventive; they are...
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Design Example: Forces in Sluice Gate01:11

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In hydraulic engineering, sluice gates are essential for managing water flow through channels, reservoirs, and irrigation systems. Sluice gates, acting as vertical barriers, regulate water by adjusting the gate's opening height, which changes the velocity and pressure of water flowing beneath the gate. Understanding the forces involved is crucial to designing sluice gates that can withstand dynamic pressure differences, especially when the gate is closed or partially open.
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Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving01:30

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Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

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This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
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Integrating AI design tools into traditional design workflows: A study on collaborative tool usage willingness based

Hong Zou1, Mangting He2, Zichuan Liu1

  • 1School of Fine Arts, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China.

Acta Psychologica
|January 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Designers embrace AI tools collaboratively, not substitutively. Factors like complexity cause burnout, reducing willingness, while trust and adaptability foster AI-human collaboration in design workflows.

Keywords:
AI design toolsCollaborative tool usageDesigners' behavioral intentionsPush-Pull-Mooring model

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Design Studies
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) are transforming professional design workflows.
  • Designers are increasingly adopting a collaborative approach, integrating AI tools alongside traditional methods rather than replacing them.
  • Understanding the factors influencing this collaborative tool usage is crucial for effective human-AI integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the key determinants of designers' willingness to engage in collaborative tool usage with AI.
  • To analyze the influence of push (complexity, limitations), pull (complementarity, humanization), and mooring (trust, social influence, habit, adaptability) factors on this willingness.
  • To extend the Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) framework to explain multi-tool co-use in design.

Main Methods:

  • A quantitative study utilizing survey data from 404 professional designers.
  • Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed for data analysis.
  • The study adopted the Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) framework to model influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • Operational complexity and tool limitations were found to increase tool burnout, negatively impacting collaborative willingness.
  • Tool complementarity positively influenced willingness, while perceived humanization had a negative effect, potentially due to undermining creative autonomy.
  • Mooring factors including tool trust, social influence, habit, and integration adaptability significantly promoted AI and traditional tool collaboration.

Conclusions:

  • Human-AI cooperation in design faces psychological challenges, including emotional fatigue and concerns over creative autonomy.
  • The PPM framework effectively explains multi-tool co-use, extending beyond simple tool replacement scenarios.
  • Actionable insights are provided for designing AI tools that balance designer agency with optimized human-machine collaboration.