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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Synthetic rewriting technologies in mammalian cells.

Yuqi Wang1,2,3, Yali Cui1,2,3, Guang-Rong Zhao1,2,3

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Synthetic rewriting technologies enable large-scale genome engineering in mammals. This review highlights breakthroughs in DNA assembly, transfer, and rearrangement for advancing mammalian functional engineering and biological insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Genomics
  • Mammalian Cell Engineering

Background:

  • Synthetic rewriting technologies facilitate de novo genome synthesis and modification.
  • Progress in viruses, bacteria, and unicellular eukaryotes contrasts with challenges in mammalian cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key breakthroughs in synthetic rewriting technologies for mammalian systems.
  • To explore emerging applications in constructing mammalian models and decoding genomes.

Main Methods:

  • Megabase (Mb)-scale assembly of human DNA.
  • Yeast-mediated DNA transfer techniques.
  • Bottom-up construction of human artificial chromosomes (HACs).
  • Genome-scale rearrangement strategies.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated Mb-scale assembly of human DNA.
  • Successful yeast-mediated transfer of large DNA constructs.
  • Development of bottom-up HACs for mammalian systems.
  • Advancements in genome-scale rearrangement.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic rewriting tools are expanding functional engineering capabilities in mammals.
  • These technologies offer deeper mechanistic insights into complex mammalian biological systems.
  • Future applications include enhanced model construction and genome decoding.