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Therapeutic responses in patients with advanced NSCLC enrolled in early-phase clinical trials at MD Anderson

Jeong Uk Lim1,2, Heather Y Lin3, Lei Kang1

  • 1Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

NPJ Precision Oncology
|January 13, 2026
PubMed

Insights

This study on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) found targeted therapies, especially combinations, improved response rates. However, combination regimens increased severe adverse events, highlighting a trade-off in NSCLC treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Clinical Research
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.
  • Early-phase clinical trials are crucial for evaluating novel treatment strategies in NSCLC.
  • Understanding clinical outcomes and safety profiles is essential for optimizing patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical outcomes and safety profiles of patients with NSCLC treated in early-phase trials.
  • To identify factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients.
  • To compare the efficacy and safety of different treatment regimens.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 546 NSCLC cases treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from January 2016 to December 2024.
  • Utilized the MD Anderson CHIMERA database for data extraction.
  • Patients categorized into seven groups based on treatment regimen.

Main Results:

  • Overall objective response rate (ORR) was 19.9%.
  • Highest ORRs observed in targeted combination (30.8%) and targeted monotherapy (29.7%) groups.
  • Gene alteration-matched therapy, albumin level, metastatic burden, treatment group, and liver metastasis were independently associated with PFS and OS.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted therapies, particularly in combination or as monotherapy, demonstrate promising response rates in NSCLC.
  • Serum albumin level, metastatic burden, and liver metastasis are significant prognostic factors for survival in NSCLC patients.
  • While generally tolerable, combination regimens are linked to a higher incidence of severe adverse events and dose modifications, necessitating careful monitoring.

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