[Impacts of Carbon Capture， Utilization， and Storage on Air Quality Co-benefits during Carbon Neutrality]

Carbon capture， utilization， and storage （CCUS）， which aims to reserve fossil fuel uses in a low-carbon manner， is indispensable for carbon neutrality in China. However， the excess use of CCUS will distract the focus on energy transitions to renewables and in turn hamper the expected air quality co-benefits by carbon neutrality. As such， it is essential to identify how CCUS acts in the context of air quality co-benefits so as to fully facilitate the synergic reductions of CO₂ and air pollutants. Here， we set several CCUS-deployed scenarios and conducted machine learning algorithms with Latin hypercube sampling and evaluated the impacts of CCUS on the air quality co-benefits during carbon neutrality by region， industry， and pollutant. We showed that nitrogen oxide （NO_x） and particulate matter （PM） from power and nonpower sectors were most directly linked to CO₂ emissions. Air pollutant emissions from industrial sectors exhibited significant increments due to CCUS deployment， where increases in ammonia （NH₃）， NO_x， PM_2.5， sulfur dioxide （SO₂）， and volatile organic compounds （VOC） were up to 209.4%， 208.4%， 183.7%， 272.6%， and 250.5%， respectively. With regard to region， central provinces such as Shandong and Henan suffered from the major negative impacts of CCUS. To mitigate the negative impacts of CCUS， it is necessary to facilitate control measures for air pollutants that are not directly linked to fossil fuel-related CO₂ as well as carbon neutrality.