[Occurrence Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Emerging Pollutants in Typical Lake and Reservoir...

Frequent detection of emerging pharmaceutical contaminants in sediment media poses potential threats to the ecological environment and human health. To understand the occurrence and ecological risks of pharmaceutical contaminants in sediments from lakes and reservoirs in Sichuan Province， surface sediment samples were collected from 22 typical small and medium-sized lakes and reservoirs. Quantitative analysis of 22 common pharmaceutical compounds was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an Orbitrap Mass spectrometer， and the ecological risks of the pharmaceutical contaminants were assessed using the risk quotient method. The correlation between urban development and contaminant occurrence was also analyzed. The results showed that the detection rates of sulfonamide antibiotics， anti-inflammatory drugs， and antihypertensive drugs were 100%. The total detected concentrations of pharmaceutical emerging contaminants in the 22 lakes and reservoirs （expressed as dw） followed the order of sulfonamide antibiotics （111 μg·g^-1） > anti-inflammatory drugs （37.8 μg·g^-1） > quinolone antibiotics （18.9 μg·g^-1） > β lactam antibiotics （6.30 μg·g^-1） > macrolide antibiotics （4.88 μg·g^-1） > antihypertensive drugs （0.446 μg·g^-1） > antiepileptic drugs （0.098 7 μg·g^-1）. The proportions of sulfonamide and quinolone antibiotics in individual lakes and reservoirs ranged from 2.6%-80% and 0.8%-36%， respectively. Sulfaguanidine and acetaminophen exhibited high ecological risks， and acetylsalicylic acid， ofloxacin， and sulfadiazine were categorized as medium-risk compounds. The distribution and characteristics of pharmaceutical emerging contaminants in lake and reservoir sediments were significantly influenced by regional anthropogenic activities， with primary industry， livestock farming， aquaculture， and population size having substantial impacts on their spatial distribution.