Revisiting human sparganosis: a pathologic review from a single institution

Area of Science:

• Parasitology
• Pathology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Sparganosis is a rare parasitic infection caused by Spirometra species.
• Historically more common, it is now frequently overlooked.
• This study aims to increase awareness of this neglected parasitic disease.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review histopathologically diagnosed cases of human sparganosis.
• To highlight diagnostic challenges and features.
• To emphasize the importance of recognizing sparganosis in endemic areas.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of sparganosis cases from 2004-2025.
• Review of demographic, clinical, imaging, and histopathologic data.
• Inclusion of exposure history, including dietary habits.

Main Results:

• 15 patients diagnosed (10 female, 5 male; mean age 65.1 years).
• Common lesion sites: lower extremities and breast.
• Histopathology revealed parasitic structures within granulomatous inflammation; calcospherules and tegumental structures aided diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• Histopathological features are key for diagnosing sparganosis, even without clinical suspicion.
• Sparganosis is a relevant consideration in endemic regions, especially East Asia.
• Increased awareness can improve diagnosis of this neglected disease.