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Habitual Coffee Consumption and Systemic Health Outcomes: A Comprehensive Review
Eliza Kwapien1, Mateusz Piszka1, Filip Czarnecki2
1Medicine, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny nr 5 im. św. Barbary, Sosnowiec, POL.
Moderate coffee consumption offers significant health benefits, including reduced risks of cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and neurodegenerative disorders. However, excessive intake or unfiltered coffee may pose risks, and pregnant individuals should exercise caution.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Preventive Medicine
- Cardiovascular Health
Background:
- Habitual coffee consumption has been linked to various physiological effects.
- Previous assumptions about coffee's health impact require re-evaluation based on extensive data.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze scientific data on coffee's physiological outcomes, categorized into cardiovascular, metabolic, and organ-specific effects.
- To determine the optimal level of coffee intake for health benefits and identify potential risks.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and analysis of extensive scientific data.
- Categorization of coffee's effects on cardiovascular, metabolic, and organ systems.
- Identification of dose-response relationships and specific health outcomes.
Main Results:
- Moderate coffee intake (3-4 cups/day) is associated with reduced all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, lower heart failure risk, and chemo-preventive effects against liver and prostate cancer.
- Coffee consumption is linked to improved metabolic homeostasis, lower incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and liver fibrosis, and neuroprotection against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
- A "J-shaped" relationship suggests moderate intake is optimal; excessive or unfiltered coffee may have adverse effects, and caffeine intake correlates with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Moderate coffee intake acts as a functional dietary component promoting longevity and reducing non-communicable disease burden.
- Coffee's bioactive compounds like chlorogenic acid and caffeine warrant recognition for their health-promoting properties.
- Public health perspectives should be updated to reflect coffee's role in a healthy lifestyle, with caution advised for specific populations and consumption methods.
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