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Risk factors for the mental health of basic education teachers in Brazil: integrative review
Ana Cristina Santiago da Costa1,2, Evanice Avelino de Souza1,3, Thiago Medeiros da Costa Daniele1
1Universidade de Fortaleza, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
Introduction:
Given the increasing incidence of mental disorders among education professionals, examining the national scientific literature on the mental health of basic education teachers in Brazil has become essential.
Objectives:
To assess, through an integrative literature review, the psychosocial factors associated with teachers' mental health, with an emphasis on the prevalence of mental disorders.
Methods:
The search was conducted between August 2024 and January 2025 in SciELO, the CAPES Journal Portal, LILACS, and PubMed databases, using descriptors related to mental health, teachers, basic education, and Brazil, which were combined through Boolean operators AND and OR. Studies published between 2019 and 2024, available in full text in Portuguese or English, and specifically addressing the mental health of basic education teachers were included. The review was guided by the following question: what are the main risk factors that influence the mental health of basic education teachers in Brazil?
Results:
The analysis of 12 studies revealed a high prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, stress, and burnout syndrome among teachers. The most frequently reported psychosocial risk factors included work overload, low pay, poor working conditions, and exposure to school violence.
Conclusions:
Such psychosocial determinants significantly affect teachers' mental health, characterizing a public health and occupational concern. The findings highlight the need for intersectoral policies that support teaching valuation and promote adequate working conditions and safer and healthier school environments to preserve the mental health of basic education teachers.
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