Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Multi-site temporal control of optogenetic stimulation enhances firing frequencies in peripheral nerves.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Woman with a Blackened Tongue: A Case Report.

Journal of education & teaching in emergency medicine·2026

Same author

Intranasal HSV-1 Infection Drives Region-Specific Interferon-Dominant Microglial Remodeling.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Case Report: Pediatric Hallucinations and Anti-Neuronal Intermediate Filament Autoimmune Encephalitis.

Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine·2026

Same author

High-speed in vivo calcium recording using structured illumination with self-supervised denoising.

Optics continuum·2026

Same author

Miniaturized widefield microscope for high speed in vivo voltage imaging.

Biomedical optics express·2026

Same journal

Generalizable framework for multi-site bone density prediction using non-dominant wrist optical biomarkers.

Biomedical optics express·2026

Same journal

Erratum: Review of dynamic optical coherence tomography for intracellular motility [Invited]: errata.

Biomedical optics express·2026

Same journal

Digital-micromirror-device-based illumination strategies for background suppression in single-molecule localization microscopy.

Biomedical optics express·2026

Same journal

Synergistic combination of convective self-assembly and hollow core fiber for sensitive SERS detection of glucose molecules.

Biomedical optics express·2026

Same journal

Multimodal diagnostic network integrating infrared and mass spectra for lung cancer.

Biomedical optics express·2026

Same journal

Multimodal Optical Biosensing for Precision Medicine and Healthcare: Introduction to the feature issue.

Biomedical optics express·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

A Guide to Structured Illumination TIRF Microscopy at High Speed with Multiple Colors

A Guide to Structured Illumination TIRF Microscopy at High Speed with Multiple Colors

Published on: May 30, 2016

Voltage imaging with periodic structured illumination.

Forest Speed¹, Alec Teel², Timothy Young¹

¹Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Biomedical Optics Express

|January 14, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Periodic structured illumination with pseudo-HiLo (pHiLo) image reconstruction reduces out-of-focus signals in voltage imaging. This method improves signal clarity for in-focus cells compared to traditional widefield recordings.

More Related Videos

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F⁻

Published on: July 27, 2018

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors

Published on: February 4, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 15, 2026

A Guide to Structured Illumination TIRF Microscopy at High Speed with Multiple Colors

A Guide to Structured Illumination TIRF Microscopy at High Speed with Multiple Colors

Published on: May 30, 2016

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F⁻

Published on: July 27, 2018

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors

Published on: February 4, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Optical Imaging
Biophysics

Background:

In vivo voltage imaging is crucial for understanding neural circuit dynamics.
Out-of-focus cellular signals can contaminate recordings, reducing the accuracy of voltage activity measurements.
Traditional widefield imaging and pseudo-widefield (pWF) reconstructions struggle to mitigate this out-of-focus light effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of periodic structured illumination with pseudo-HiLo (pHiLo) image reconstruction for in vivo voltage imaging.
To compare the performance of pHiLo against traditional widefield recordings and pseudo-widefield (pWF) reconstructions in reducing out-of-focus signals.
To assess the impact of pHiLo on key imaging metrics such as spike peak-to-noise ratio (PNR) and cell-background correlation.

Main Methods:

Utilized periodic structured illumination with pseudo-HiLo (pHiLo) image reconstruction.
Performed in vivo voltage imaging experiments.
Compared pHiLo with traditional widefield illumination and pseudo-widefield (pWF) reconstructions.
Analyzed spike peak-to-noise ratio (PNR) and cell-background correlation for time courses.

Main Results:

pHiLo significantly reduced signal from out-of-focus cells compared to traditional widefield recordings and pWF reconstructions.
Demonstrated improved clarity of voltage activity for in-focus cells of interest using pHiLo.
Quantitative comparisons of PNR and cell-background correlation were made between pHiLo and soma-targeted widefield illumination (TI).

Conclusions:

pHiLo is an effective technique for reducing out-of-focus light contamination in high-speed in vivo voltage imaging.
The study highlights the tradeoffs between out-of-focus light reduction, signal-to-noise ratio, and temporal resolution with pHiLo.
pHiLo offers advantages for imaging neural activity in awake mice by enhancing signal quality.