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Modulating Transient Solvation for Ultrahigh-Rate Sodium Metal Batteries.

Jiale Zheng1,2, Jinze Wang1,2, Sen Jiang1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|January 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding electric-field effects on sodium ion solvation is key for fast-charging batteries. This study introduces a transient solvation electrolyte using cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) to enhance sodium-ion transport and stability.

Keywords:
DiluentFast‐chargingLifespanSodium metal batteriesSolid electrolyte interphase

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Cation solvation in bulk electrolytes is well-studied.
  • Electric-field effects on solvation at electrode interfaces are poorly understood.
  • Interfacial solvation dynamics are critical for ion transport and interphase formation in batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate electric-field-induced solvation dynamics in sodium battery electrolytes.
  • To design a transient solvation electrolyte for improved sodium-ion transport and interface stabilization.
  • To identify effective pseudo-diluents for high-voltage sodium batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated electric-field-induced solvation dynamics.
  • Proposed a transient solvation electrolyte design using pseudo-diluents.
  • Identified cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) as an optimal pseudo-diluent.
  • Tested CPME-based electrolytes in Na||Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cells.

Main Results:

  • Transient solvation activated by electric fields via dipole-cation interactions.
  • Reduced desolvation energy barrier and accelerated charge-transfer kinetics.
  • CPME facilitated anion decomposition, forming an inorganic-rich interphase.
  • CPME-based electrolytes demonstrated excellent cycling stability (90.2% retention after 7000 cycles at 20C for Na||NVP).
  • Improved performance with limited sodium excess (92.6% retention after 5500 cycles at 5C).

Conclusions:

  • Electric-field-induced transient solvation is a viable strategy for enhancing sodium-ion battery performance.
  • CPME acts as an effective pseudo-diluent, stabilizing interfaces and promoting Na+ transport.
  • This work provides principles for designing electrolytes for fast-charging battery technologies.