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Related Concept Videos

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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Intraoperative Assessment of Resection Margins in Oral Cavity Cancer: This is the Way
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Self-Reported Speech Outcomes in Oral Cavity Cancer.

Hannah Baratz1, Elisabeth Renkert2, Yan Li3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Head-Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Head & Neck
|January 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Oral cavity cancer patients surgically treated experience significant speech and psychosocial impairments. Free flap reconstruction further worsens these deficits, highlighting the need for speech therapy.

Keywords:
head and neck canceroral cavity cancerspeechspeech handicapsquamous cell carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Quality of Life Research

Background:

  • Oral cavity cancer (OCC) significantly impacts patients' functional status and quality of life.
  • Speech impairments are a common concern for OCC patients, yet their perspectives are understudied.
  • This study investigates self-perceived speech function in surgically treated OCC patients compared to healthy controls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare self-reported speech function between surgically treated oral cavity cancer patients and healthy controls using the Speech Handicap Index (SHI).
  • To identify factors associated with worse speech handicap scores in oral cavity cancer patients.
  • To assess the impact of surgical reconstruction, specifically free flap reconstruction, on speech outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-institutional, cross-sectional study involving oral cavity cancer patients and healthy controls.
  • Participants completed the Speech Handicap Index (SHI) and self-rated speech quality.
  • Demographic, tumor, and treatment data were collected; group differences were analyzed using t-tests, chi-squared, and Fisher's exact tests.

Main Results:

  • Oral cavity cancer patients reported significantly higher speech handicap scores (mean 50.2 vs. 34.7) and poorer self-rated speech quality (47.8% vs. 85.6% good/excellent) compared to controls.
  • Both speech and psychosocial domains of the SHI were significantly worse in the OCC group.
  • Free flap reconstruction was associated with worse SHI scores and self-rated speech quality.

Conclusions:

  • Surgically treated oral cavity cancer patients experience significant deficits in self-perceived speech and psychosocial functioning.
  • Free flap reconstruction is linked to greater speech impairments in this population.
  • Despite deficits, nearly half of OCC patients report satisfaction, underscoring the need for early, multidisciplinary rehabilitation, including speech therapy, especially post-free flap reconstruction.