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Related Concept Videos

Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

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Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain
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A Modular Vaccine Platform Against SARS-CoV-2 Based on Self-Assembled Protein Nanoparticles.

Seojung Lee1,2, Yejin Jang3, Yujin Kim1,2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|January 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel nanoparticle vaccine platform, BP26, was engineered using SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology to display the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD. This modular design elicits protective immune responses against COVID-19, offering a rapid strategy for emerging viral threats.

Keywords:
brucellar bp26prophylactic vaccineprotein nanoparticlessars‐cov‐2spytag/spycatcher

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Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for adaptable vaccine platforms against evolving coronaviruses.
  • BP26 nanoparticles, derived from Brucella, offer a versatile platform for antigen display.
  • The SpyTag/SpyCatcher system enables modular and site-specific conjugation of antigens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a modular vaccine platform for rapid response to viral threats.
  • To engineer BP26 nanoparticles displaying the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD).
  • To evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the developed vaccine in a mouse model.

Main Methods:

  • Genetically fused SpyCatcher to BP26 and SpyTag to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD.
  • Created RBD-displaying BP26 nanoparticles (BP26-RBD) via SpyTag/SpyCatcher interaction.
  • Immunized mice with BP26-RBD and assessed antibody responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge.

Main Results:

  • BP26-RBD nanoparticles were successfully generated with site-specific antigen display.
  • Immunization induced robust RBD-specific antibody responses, including neutralizing antibodies.
  • Mice vaccinated with BP26-RBD were protected against lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions:

  • The plug-and-play BP26 nanoparticle platform facilitates rapid vaccine development against emerging viruses.
  • This strategy supports diverse antigen production and multivalent display, offering a cost-effective approach.
  • The engineered BP26-RBD vaccine demonstrates potential for next-generation COVID-19 vaccines.