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AlF3 Mediated In-Situ Cathode Interface Stabilization Enables High-Rate and Long-Life Na-Ion Batteries at Elevated
Ya-Meng Yin1,2, Qinxia Liu1, Zhiyuan Zhang1
1Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.
Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|January 14, 2026
Summary
A novel aluminum fluoride (AlF3) coating stabilizes sodium-ion battery cathodes, enhancing performance at high temperatures and improving conductivity for durable energy storage.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Energy Storage
Background:
- High voltage and temperature instability of sodium-ion battery cathodes, specifically Na3V2(PO4)2O2F (NVOPF), hinders practical application.
- The cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) is critical for battery performance but prone to degradation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a dual-functional AlF3 coating for NVOPF cathodes to enhance interface stability and electronic conductivity.
- To investigate the structural and electrochemical properties of AlF3-coated NVOPF materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).
Main Methods:
- AlF3 coating deposition on NVOPF@C materials.
- Electrochemical testing including cycling stability at elevated temperatures (55°C) and various C-rates in half and full cells.
- Material characterization using techniques to analyze the CEI composition and structure (e.g., X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, spectroscopy).
Main Results:
- AlF3-modified NVOPF@C demonstrated exceptional cycling stability, retaining 84.9% capacity after 1000 cycles at 10C (half cell) and 96.8% at 5C (full cell).
- The AlF3 coating formed a robust, inorganic-rich CEI (NaF/AlF3/NaAlF4), suppressing side reactions and facilitating Na+ diffusion.
- AlF3 coating induced F-Al-O bonds and improved conductive pathways with carbon nanotubes, enhancing electron transfer.
Conclusions:
- A stable, inorganic-dominated CEI and continuous conductive pathways are crucial for high-rate and thermally stable SIBs.
- The dual-functional AlF3 coating effectively addresses the CEI instability and conductivity issues in NVOPF cathodes.
- This approach offers a promising strategy for developing advanced sodium-ion battery technologies.
