Nature-Inspired Biomineralization for Food Innovation: Biomimetic Material Design and Targeted Nutrient Delivery

Biomineralization, a process wherein biomolecules precisely regulate inorganic mineral formation, has inspired nature-derived biomineralization strategies widely applied in materials science and biomedicine. In recent years, this approach has gradually made inroads into food science, offering innovative solutions to critical challenges in the food industry, including packaging, processing, safety detection, and nutrient fortification. This article systematically reviews advances in biomineralization strategies, from molecular mechanisms to food applications over the past 25 years, highlighting its contributions in: (1) intelligent packaging, (2) controlled release of functional ingredients, and (3) functional food development. Research demonstrates that the biomineralization approach, leveraging its biocompatibility, structural tunability, and green synthesis characteristics, enhances the mechanical properties and antimicrobial functions of food packaging while optimizing food texture and flavor profiles. Furthermore, organic template-regulated mineralization and physicochemical strategies have opened new avenues for targeted delivery and controlled release of bioactive components/additives. Despite persistent challenges in scaling production and safety evaluation, the deep integration of biomineralization with synthetic biology, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence has the potential to support the transformation of the food industry toward greater efficiency, automation, and sustainability. This strategy holds significant potential for reshaping food production methodologies and providing interdisciplinary support for precision nutrition and food safety initiatives.