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Intestinal Atresia in Finland: Maternal Risk Factors, Prevalence, Associated Anomalies and Survival

Esko Tahkola1, Arimatias Raitio2, Ilkka Helenius3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|January 14, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Congenital intestinal atresia has low mortality despite frequent associated anomalies. Maternal insulin and propionic acid derivative use are linked to increased jejunoileal atresia risk.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Medical Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Congenital intestinal atresia (CIA) encompasses jejunoileal atresia (JIA) and colonic atresia (CA).
  • Understanding prevalence, associated anomalies, and survival is crucial for clinical management.
  • Identifying maternal risk factors can inform preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and associated anomalies of CIA in Finland.
  • To assess survival rates for JIA and CA.
  • To investigate maternal risk factors for JIA.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of CIA cases (1987-2019) from the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations.
  • Inclusion of clinical data from national health registers.
  • Case-control study for maternal risk factors in JIA (2004-2017), comparing 101 cases with 5 matched controls each.

Main Results:

  • 175 JIA and 48 CA cases identified; approximately 50% were isolated anomalies.
  • Common associated defects included gastrointestinal (26% JIA, 35% CA), cardiac (13% JIA), and urinary tract (19% CA).
  • Survival rates were 88% for JIA and 94% for CA; only two deaths were directly attributed to intestinal atresia. Maternal insulin use (aOR 8.4) and propionic acid derivatives (aOR 4.6) increased JIA risk.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal atresia has a low mortality rate, even with frequent co-occurring anomalies.
  • Maternal use of insulin and propionic acid derivatives may be significant risk factors for developing jejunoileal atresia.
  • Further research into these maternal exposures is warranted.
Abstract

Keywords:
colonic atresiajejunoileal atresiamaternal risk factors

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