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Developmental Language Risk and Social and Behavioral Functioning in Bilingual Latinx Adolescents.

José R Palma1, Elizabeth D Peña2, Catherine Esperanza3

  • 1Department of Teaching, Learning, and Culture, Texas A&M University, College Station.

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
|January 14, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bilingual Latinx youth at risk for developmental language disorder (DLD) showed higher internalizing problems. Narrative skills in Spanish and English were linked to social competence, underscoring the need for community-based research.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Sociolinguistics

Background:

  • Bilingual Latinx youth represent a diverse population with unique developmental trajectories.
  • Understanding the interplay between language development risks and social-behavioral functioning is crucial for this demographic.
  • Previous research has not fully captured the nuances of these relationships within community-based samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between language development risks and social and behavioral functioning (externalizing problems, internalizing problems, social competence) in bilingual Latinx youth.
  • To investigate the association between narrative skills in Spanish and English and social and behavioral concerns.
  • To highlight the importance of community-based research for understanding diverse youth experiences.

Main Methods:

  • A community-based sample of 129 bilingual Latinx youth and their caregivers was utilized.
  • Standardized parent- and child-report measures in Spanish and English assessed developmental language disorder (DLD) risk and social and behavioral concerns (SBCs).
  • Children's narrative skills were assessed in both languages, and statistical analyses (Fisher's exact tests, bootstrap tests, multiple regression) were employed.

Main Results:

  • Youth at risk of DLD were more likely to exhibit clinically significant internalizing problems (IP), as indicated by self-reports.
  • No significant differences were found for externalizing problems (EP) or social competence (SC) based on DLD risk.
  • Spanish narrative skills were associated with lower parent-reported SC, while English narrative skills were linked to higher self-reported SC.

Conclusions:

  • Bilingual Latinx youth with DLD risks may experience internalizing problems across various settings, with self-reports being sensitive indicators.
  • Oral narration skills in both languages show a small but significant association with social competence, suggesting a role in social functioning.
  • Community-based samples are vital for a comprehensive understanding of youth experiences, particularly those not typically found in clinical settings.