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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
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Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management01:30

Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management

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Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...
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Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Pulse Assessment Sites01:11

Pulse Assessment Sites

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Pulse assessment sites are crucial in evaluating a patient's cardiovascular health. By assessing the pulsations of arteries at specific anatomical locations, healthcare professionals can gather valuable information about blood flow, heart rate, and peripheral circulation. Understanding these pulse assessment sites is essential for conducting comprehensive cardiovascular evaluations and monitoring patients' overall health. These sites are strategically chosen due to the accessibility and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Predictive Measurement for Windlass Change in Length and Selected Treatment Outcomes in Chronic Plantar Fasciitis
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Published on: March 1, 2024

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Heel Pain: Diagnosis and Management.

Nailah Adams Morancie1, Landon Irvin1, Brian Z Rayala1

  • 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

American Family Physician
|January 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Heel pain affects millions, with causes ranging from lifestyle factors to specific conditions like Haglund deformity. Most cases resolve with conservative treatment, but psychological factors can impact recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Podiatry

Background:

  • Heel pain is a prevalent condition, accounting for 2 million annual office visits.
  • Associated factors include higher body mass index, manual labor, and sedentary habits.
  • Specific conditions like retrocalcaneal bursitis, calcaneal apophysitis, os trigonum syndrome, and peroneal tendon injuries have distinct demographics and risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of common causes of heel pain.
  • To discuss diagnostic modalities and risk factors associated with various heel pain etiologies.
  • To highlight treatment principles and prognostic indicators for heel pain.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common heel pain conditions including retrocalcaneal bursitis, calcaneal apophysitis (Sever disease), os trigonum syndrome, and peroneal tendon injuries.

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  • Discussion of associated risk factors such as body mass index, occupation, lifestyle, and specific medical conditions.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic tools including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography.
  • Consideration of conservative and surgical treatment approaches.
  • Assessment of psychological factors like pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia.

    • Main Results:

    • Heel pain has diverse causes, affecting various age groups and activity levels.
    • Risk factors are multifactorial, encompassing biomechanical, lifestyle, and medical elements.
    • Advanced imaging like MRI and point-of-care ultrasonography aid diagnosis.
    • Conservative management is typically effective, with surgery reserved for refractory cases.
    • Pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia negatively influence outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Heel pain is a common complaint with varied etiologies requiring tailored diagnostic and treatment strategies.
    • Understanding risk factors and utilizing appropriate imaging are crucial for effective management.
    • Conservative treatment is the mainstay, while psychological factors warrant consideration for prognosis.