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Case Studies

Case Studies

There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.

Longitudinal Research

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...

Cross-Sectional Research

Cross-Sectional Research

In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...

Longitudinal Studies

Longitudinal Studies

Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...

Community Based Intervention

Community Based Intervention

Community-based interventions in mental health represent a paradigm shift from institution-centered care to treatments embedded within the fabric of local communities. By prioritizing inclusion and leveraging existing societal structures, this approach fosters a supportive environment conducive to addressing mental health challenges while promoting individual dignity and agency.
Foundations of Community Mental Health Programs
Central to the success of community-based interventions is the...

Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings

Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings

Other adult family members and siblings play a crucial role in shaping children’s social and emotional development. While parents or primary caregivers are often the central figures in early attachment and socialization, other adults in a child’s life, such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles, can significantly influence developmental outcomes. These influences depend on each adult’s personality and may help compensate when a primary caregiver is emotionally distant or inconsistent. For...

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Screening for Tics Among School-Going Children in Nepal: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Utkarsh Karki^1,2, Roshni Khatri^1,2, Dipesh Bhattarai²

¹Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre (CWIN-Nepal), Kathmandu, Nepal.

Journal of Child Neurology

|January 14, 2026

Summary

This study screened 633 school children in Nepal for tic disorders, finding a 5.1% prevalence. Tics were slightly more common in boys, and a family history correlated with higher tic severity.

Keywords:

children community school screening tics

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Area of Science:

Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Pediatric Neurology
Epidemiology

Background:

Tic disorders are common neurodevelopmental conditions globally.
Limited epidemiological data exists for tic disorders in Nepal.
This study addresses the data gap concerning childhood tics in Nepal.

Purpose of the Study:

To screen school-going children in Nepal for tics.
To estimate the prevalence of tic disorders in this population.
To explore the sociodemographic characteristics of children diagnosed with tics.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional, descriptive study design was employed.
Five schools were selected using simple random sampling.
Data collection involved semi-structured proformas and the Motor or Vocal Inventory of Tics (MOVeIT-14) screening tool.

Main Results:

Out of 633 participants, 32 children screened positive for tics, indicating a 5.1% prevalence.
The male-to-female ratio among affected children was 1.2:1.
A positive family history of tics was reported in 28.1% of cases and was associated with higher screening scores.

Conclusions:

Tic disorders affect a significant proportion of school-going children in Nepal.
A slight male predominance was observed in children with tics.
Family history is a potential indicator of tic severity in pediatric populations.