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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection
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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Colorectal Cancer Risk: a Systematic Review and 2-Stage Mediation Meta-Analysis.

Sai Sharanya Akkapelli1, Veda Sheersh Boorla2, Mounica Majooju1

  • 1Department of General Medicine, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, 505417, India.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High ultra-processed food (UPF) intake is linked to increased risks of colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While IBD may partially mediate this link, the indirect effect of UPFs on CRC risk through IBD appears limited.

Keywords:
colorectal cancerinflammatory bowel diseasemediation analysismeta-analysissystematic reviewultra-processed foods

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Rising ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption parallels increasing early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) rates globally.
  • Observational studies suggest UPFs may promote gastrointestinal inflammation, but the role of inflammatory pathways like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in CRC risk is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between UPF consumption and CRC risk using a 2-stage mediation meta-analysis.
  • To investigate whether IBD mediates the relationship between UPF intake and CRC risk.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of major databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science) through September 2025.
  • Two independent reviewers extracted data from 16 cohort studies involving over 2 million participants.
  • Random-effects models and a 2-stage product-of-coefficients method were used for meta-analysis and mediation analysis.

Main Results:

  • High UPF intake was associated with a modest increase in CRC risk (RR 1.13) and incident IBD (RR 1.33), with stronger associations for Crohn disease.
  • The association between IBD and CRC risk was positive but heterogeneous (RR 1.36).
  • Mediation analysis indicated a small indirect effect of UPF on CRC risk via IBD (approximate RR 1.07).

Conclusions:

  • Higher UPF consumption is associated with modestly increased risks of both IBD and CRC.
  • The indirect pathway of UPF influencing CRC risk through IBD appears to be limited.
  • Further research may clarify the complex interplay between diet, inflammation, and cancer development.